Professional background
- Msc Biology, Catholic University Nijmegen (1982)
- Environment Coordinator, Provincie Noord Brabant (1987-1989)
- PhD Tropical Biology, Utrecht University/UNAM, Mexico (1988)
- Lecturer Forest Ecology, Wageningen University (1989-1996)
- Senior lecturer Forest Ecology, Wageningen University (1996- 2000)
- Professor Tropical Forest Ecology, Wageningen University (2001-present)
- Extensive research experience in Mexico, French Guiana, Venezuela, Côte d’Ivoire, Cameroun Work visits to Costa Rica, Nicaragua, Guiana, Malaysia, China, Ethiopia, Eritrea, Ghana
Professional fields of interest
Forest dynamics, forest regeneration; rejuvenation; forest and tree development; forest and tree architecture; light; seed dispersalecophysiology of tropical trees; lianas; secondary forest; restoration ecology
Current research projects
Completed research projects
- Dryland resources, livelihood and sustainablity: Analysis of the use and management of gum resin producing trees in Ethiopia (PhD Teshale Habebo, graduated December 2011)
- Waiting in the underground: Survival strategy of Boswellia papyirifera under strongly pulsed environment (PhD Emiru Birhane, graduated September 2011)
- Ecophysiological plasticity of Boswellia papyrifera (Del.) Hochst. in dry woodlands of Ethiopia under multiple stresses (PhD Mengistu Woldie, graduated July 2011)
- Population dynamics of resin trees in dry woodlands in Ethiopia: the impact of environmental versus human induced factors (PhD Abeje Eshete Wassie, graduated July 2011)
- Restoration and sustainable management of forests in East Africa (I-TOO)
- Lianas diversity, distribution patterns and functional ecology in a Central African tropical rain forest, Ituri, Democratic Republic of Congo (PhD Corneille Ewango, graduated November 2010))
- Spatial patterns in species composition, forest structure and dynamics along environmental gradients in lowland forests of Bolivia (PhD Marisol Toledo, graduated June 2010)
- Species-specific responses to climatic change in dry and wet tropical forests: is drought tolerance the clue? (PhD Lars Markesteijn, graduated February 2010)
- Ecosyn: a research project on biodiversity and management of West African forests (Frans Bongers)
- Dry Forest Secondary Succession in Mexico: Mechanisms and Differential Species Performance (PhD Lebrija-Trejos, graduated April 2009)
- Ethiopian church forests: opportunities and challenges for restoration(PhD Alemayehu Wassie, graduated October 2007)
- Dynamics of early secondary forest succession of Mexican tropical rain forest (PhD Michiel van Breugel, graduated June 2007)
- Lianas and liana–tree interactions in the tropical forests in Xishuangbanna, South Yunnan, China (PhD Cai, graduated March 2007)
- Atlas of West African forests and woody plant species
- Conservation of woody species diversity in the forest/woodland mosaics in Uganda(PhD Grace Nangendo, ITC; graduated June 2005)
- Agroecosystem diversity and its implications for productivity and sustainability: the case of homegarden agroforestry systems of Southern Ethiopia(PhD Tesfaye Abebe, graduated April 2005)
- Lianas and logging in west Africa. (PhD Marc Parren, graduated October 2003)
- The role of scatterhoarding in the regeneration of rodent-dispersed rain forest trees in French Guiana. (PhD Patrick. A. Jansen, graduated with distinction February 2003)
- The distribution and regeneration of Boswellia papyrifera (del.) Hochst in Eritrea (PhD Ogbazgi, graduated January 2001)
- Leaf function in tropical rain forest canopy trees. (PhD T. Rijkers, graduated December 2000)
- The role of bracken (Pteridium aquilinum) in forest dynamics. (PhD Jan den Ouden, graduated October 2000)
- Trees and light. (PhD Frank Sterck, graduated March 1997)
- Canopy dynamics of a tropical rain forest in French Guiana. (PhD Peter van der Meer, graduated September 1995)
Teaching
Click on the code for information on the course (description, creditpoints, courseschedule , web site etc.)
| FEM-22306 | Forest Resources and Sustainable Management Systems |
| FEM-22803 | Agroforestry |
| FEM-30306 | Advanced Forest Ecology and Forest Management |
| FEM-504** | Capita Selecta Forest Ecology and Forest Management (1-6 credit points) |
| FEM-704** | Internship Forest Ecology and Forest Management (24-39 credit points) |
| FEM-804** | Thesis Forest Ecology and Forest Management (24-39 credit points) |
| NCP-80812 | Bachelor Thesis Forest and Nature Conservation |
Key publications
For a complete overview, click here
- Groenendijk, P.; Eshète Wassie, A.; Sterck, F.J.; Zuidema, P.A.; Bongers, F. (2012). Limitations to sustainable frankincense production: blocked regeneration, high adult mortality and declining populations Journal of Applied Ecology49 (1). - p. 164 - 173
- Markesteijn, L.; Poorter, L.; Paz, H.; Sack, L.; Bongers, F. (2011) Hydraulics and life-history of tropical dry forest tree species: coordination of species´ drought and shade toleranceNew Phytologist 191:480-495
- Schnitzer, S.A.; Bongers, F. (2011). Increasing liana abundance and biomass in tropical forests: emerging patterns and putative mechanisms. Ecology Letters 14(4):397-406
- Lebrija Trejos, E.E.; Meave, J.; Poorter, L.; Pérez- García, E.A.; Bongers, F. (2010) Pathways, mechanisms and predictability of vegetation change during tropical dry forest succession. Perspectives in plant ecology, evolution and systematics 12 (4). - p. 267 - 275.
- Bongers, F. (2010) Book review: Tropical rain forest ecology, diversity and conservation. Biotropica 42 (6). - p. 761
- Bongers F. (2010). Tropische bossen en biodiversiteit. pp 37-44 in: M. de Kam, B. Slezazeck, M. Tolkamp en M. de Wit (eds) Hart voor het Bos. 10 jaar vereniging voor tropische bossen. Vereniging Tropische Bossen, Wageningen, Nederland, 120 pp
- Bongers F.; Tennigkeit, T. (2010) Degraded Forests in Eastern Africa: Introduction. Pp. 1-18 In: Bongers F.; Tennigkeit, T. (eds.) (2010) Degraded Forests in Eastern Africa: management and restoration. The Earthscan Forest Library. Earthscan Ltd. London, UK.
- Teketay, D., Lemenih, M.; Bekele, T.; Yemshaw, Feleke, Tadesse, Moges, Hunde, Nigussie (2010) Forest resources and challenges of sustainable forest management and conservation in Ethiopia. Pp. 19-64 In: Bongers F.; Tennigkeit, T. (eds.) (2010) Degraded Forests in Eastern Africa: management and restoration. The Earthscan Forest Library. Earthscan Ltd. London, UK.
- Wassie, A.; Bongers, F.; Sterck, F.J.; Demel Teketay (2010) Church Forests - Relics of dry afromontane forests of northern Ethiopia: opportunities and challenges for conservation and restoration. Pp. 123-132 In: Bongers F.; Tennigkeit, T. (eds.) (2010) Degraded Forests in Eastern Africa: management and restoration. The Earthscan Forest Library. Earthscan Ltd. London, UK.
- Abiyu, A.; Bongers, F.; Eshete, A.; Gebrehiwot, K.; Kindu, M.; Lemenih, M.; Moges, Y.; Ogbazghi, W.; Sterck, F.J. (2010) Incense Woodlands in Ethiopia and Eritrea: Regeneration Problems and Restoration Possibilities. Pp. 133-152 In: Bongers F.; Tennigkeit, T. (eds.) (2010) Degraded Forests in Eastern Africa: management and restoration. The Earthscan Forest Library. Earthscan Ltd. London, UK.
- Nangendo,G.; Bongers, F.;Steege, H. ter ; Gier, A.de (2010) Vegetation Variation in Forest-woodland-savannah mosaics in Uganda and its implications for conservation. Pp. 153-170 In: Bongers F.; Tennigkeit, T. (eds.) (2010) Degraded Forests in Eastern Africa: management and restoration. The Earthscan Forest Library. Earthscan Ltd. London, UK.
- Lemenih, M.; Bongers, F. (2010) The Role of Plantation Forests in Fostering Ecological Restoration: Experiences from East Africa. Pp. 171-219 In: Bongers F.; Tennigkeit, T. (eds.) (2010) Degraded Forests in Eastern Africa: management and restoration. The Earthscan Forest Library. Earthscan Ltd. London, UK.
- Sterck, F.J., C. Couralet, G. Nangendo, A. Wassie, Y. Sahle, U. Sass-Klaassen, L. Markesteijn, T. Bekele and F. Bongers (2010) Juniperus procera (Cupressaceae) in Afromontane Forests in Ethiopia: From tree growth and population dynamics to sustainable forest use. Pp. 291-303 In: Bongers F.; Tennigkeit, T. (eds.) (2010) Degraded Forests in Eastern Africa: management and restoration. The Earthscan Forest Library. Earthscan Ltd. London, UK.
- Peña- Claros, M.; Bongers, F. (2010) An indirect way of evaluating the impact of certification on biodiversity: some results and recommendations. Pp. 131-136 In Sheil, D; Putz, F.E.; Zagt, R.J. (eds ). Biodiveristy conservation in certified forests. Tropenbos International, Wageningen.
- Born, M.; Bongers, F.; Poelman, E.H.; Sterck, F.J. (2010) Dry-season retreat and dietary shift of the dart-poison frog Dendrobates tinctorius (Anura: Dendrobatidae). Phyllomedusa 9 (1). - p. 37 - 52.
- Wassie Eshete, Alemayehu; Sterck, F.J.; Bongers, F. (2010) Species and structural diversity of church forests in a fragmented Ethiopian Highland landscape. Journal of Vegetation Science 21 (5). - p. 938 - 948.
- DeWalt, S.J.; Schnitzer, S.A.; Chave, J.; Bongers, F.; Cai, Z.Q.; Ewango, C.E.N.; Parren, M.P.E. (2010) Annual Rainfall and Seasonality Predict Pan-tropical Patterns of Liana Density and Basal Area. Biotropica 42 (3). - p. 309 - 317
- Markesteijn, L.; Iraipi, J.; Bongers, F.; Poorter, L. (2010) Seasonal variation in soil and plant water potentials in a Bolivian tropical moist and dry forest. Journal of Ecology 26: 497-508
- Lebrija Trejos, E.E.; Perez-Garcia, A.E.; Meave, J.; Bongers, F.; Poorter, L. (2010) Functional traits and environmental filtering drive community assembly in a species-rich tropical system. Ecology 91 (2). - p. 386 - 398
- Abebe, T.; Wiersum, K.F.; Bongers, F. (2010) Spatial and temporal variation in crop diversity in agroforestry homegardens of southern Ethiopia. Agroforestry Systems 78 (3). - p. 309 - 322
- Peña-Claros, M.; Blommerde, S.; Bongers, F. (2009). Assessing the progress made: an evaluation of forest management certification in the tropics. Tropical Resource Management Papers 95, Wageningen University. 72 pp. ISBN978-90-8585-696-2
- Peña-Claros, M.; Blommerde, S.; Bongers, F. (2009). Forest management certification in the tropics. An evaluation of its ecological, economical and social impact. Wageningen University, 31 pp. ISBN 978-90-804345-4-7
- Cai, Z.Q.; Schnitzer, S.A.; Bongers, F. (2009) Seasonal differences in leaf-level physiology give lianas a competitive advantage over trees in a tropical seasonal forest.Oecologia 161 (1). - p. 25 - 33.
- Cai, Z.Q.; Schnitzer, S.A.; Wen, B.; Chen, Y.J.; Bongers, F. (2009) Liana communities in three tropical forest types in Xishuangbanna, south-west China.Journal of Tropical Forest Science 21 (3). - p. 252 - 264.
- Bongers, F.; Poorter, L.; Hawthorne, W.D.; Sheil, D. (2009) The intermediate disturbance hypothesis applies to tropical forests, but disturbance contributes little to tree diversity. Ecology Letters 12 . - p. 798 - 805.
- Brienen, R.J.W.; Lebrija Trejos, E.E.; Breugel, M. van; Bongers, F.; Meave, J.; Martinez-Ramos, M. (2009) The Potential of Tree Rings for the Study of Forest Succession in Southern Mexico. Biotropica 41 (2). - p. 186 - 195
- Wassie Eshete, A.; Bekele, T.; Sterck, F.J.; Teketay, D.; Bongers, F. (2009) Postdispersal seed predation and seed viability in forest soils: implications for the regeneration of tree species in Ethiopian church forests. African Journal of Ecology 48 (2). - p. 461 - 471
- Wassie Eshete, Alemayehu; Sterck, F.J.; Teketay, D.; Bongers, F. (2009)
Tree Regeneration in Church Forests of Ethiopia: Effects of Microsites and Management. Biotropica 41 (1). - p. 110 - 119 - Wassie Eshete, Alemayehu; Sterck, F.J.; Teketay, D.; Bongers, F. (2009) Effects of livestock exclusion on tree regeneration in church forests of Ethiopia. Forest Ecology and Management 257 (3). - p. 765 - 772.
- Martinez-Sanchez, J.L.; Meave, J.; Bongers, F. (2008) Light-related variation in sapling architecture of three shade-tolerant tree species of the Mexican rain forest. Revista Chilena de Historia Natural 81 (3). - p. 361 - 371.
- Jansen, P.A.; Meer, P.J. van der; Bongers, F. (2008) Spatial contagiousness of canopy disturbance in tropical rain forest: An individual - tree-based test. Ecology 89 (12). - p. 3490 - 3502.
- Chen, J-Y.; Bongers, F.; Cao, K.F.; Cai, Z.Q. (2008) Above- and below-ground competition in high and low irradiance: tree seedling responses to a competing liana Byttneria grandifolia Journal of Tropical Ecology 24 (5). - p. 517 - 524.
- Chave, J.; Olivier, J.; Bongers, F.J.J.M.; Chatelet, P.; Forget, P.M.; Meer, P.J. van der; Norden, N.; Riera, B.; Charles-Dominique, P. (2008) Above-ground biomass and productivity in a rain forest of eastern South America. Journal of Tropical Ecology 24 . - p. 355 - 366
- Cai, Z.Q.; Poorter, L.; Han, Q.; Bongers, F.J.J.M. (2008). Effects of light and nutrients on seedlings of tropical Bauhinia lianas and trees. Tree Physiology 28 (8). - p. 1277 - 1285.
- Cai Z-Q.; Chen, Y.J.; Bongers F. (2007). Seasonal changes in photosynthesis and growth of Zizyphus attopensis seedlings in three contrasting microhabitats in a tropical seasonal rain forest. Tree Physiology 27: 827 - 836.
- Cai, Z.Q.; Poorter, L.; Cao, K.F.; Bongers, F.J.J.M. (2007). Seedling growth strategies in Bauhinia species: comparing lianas and trees. Annals of Botany 100(4) :831-838.
- Chazdon, R.L.; Letcher, S.G.; Breugel, M. van; Martínez-Ramos, M.; Bongers, F.J.J.M.; Finegan, B. (2007) Rates of change in tree communities of secondary Neotropical forests following major disturbances. Royal Society of London. Philosophical Transactions. Biological Sciences 362 (1478). - p. 273 - 289.
- Parmentier, I; Malhi, Y.; Senterre, B.; Whittaker, R.J.; Alonso, A.; Balinga, M.P.B.; Bakayoko, A.; Bongers, F.J.J.M.; Chatelain, C.; Comiskey, J.; Cortay, R.; Djuikouo Kamdem, M.N.; Doucet, J.L.; Gauier, L.; Hawthorne, W.D.; Issembe, Y.A.; Kouamé, F.N.; Kouka, L.; Leal, M.E.; Lejoly, J.; Lewis, S.L.; Newbery, D.; Nusbaumer, L.; Parren, M.P.E.; Peh, K.S.-H.; Phillips, O.L.; Sheil, D.; Sonké, B.; Sosef, M.S.M.; Sunderland, T.; Stropp, J.; Steege, H. ter; Swaine, M.; Tchouto, P.; Gemerden, B.S. van; Valkenburg, J.; Wöll, H. (2007) The odd man out? Might climate explain the lower tree a-diversity of African rain forests relative to Amazonian rain forests? Journal of Ecology 95 (5). - p. 1058 - 1071.
- Cai, Z-Q.; Bongers, F.J.J.M. (2007) Contrasting nitrogen and phosphorus resorption efficiencies in trees and lianas from a tropical montane rain forest in Xishuangbanna, south-west China. Journal of Tropical Ecology 23 (2007)1. - ISSN 0266-4674 - p. 115 - 118.
- Rijkers, A.J.M.; Ogbazghi, W; Wessel, M.; Bongers, F.J.J.M. (2006) The effect of tapping for frankincense on sexual reproduction in Boswellia papyrifera. Journal of Applied Ecology 43 (2006)6. - ISSN 0021-8901 - p. 1188 - 1195.
- Breugel, M. van; Martinez-Ramos, M.; Bongers, F.J.J.M. (2006) Community dynamics during early secondary succession in Mexican tropical rain forests. Journal of Tropical Ecology 22 (2006)6. - ISSN 0266-4674 - p. 663 - 674.
- Abebe, T.; Wiersum, K.F.; Bongers, F.J.J.M.; Sterck, F.J. (2006) Diversity and dynamics in homegardens of Southern Ethiopia In: Tropical Homegardens: A time-Tested Example of Sustainable Agroforestry / Kumar, B.M., Nair, P.K.R., . - Springer, 2006 (Advances in agroforestry 3) - ISBN 1402049471 - p. 123 - 142.
- Bongers, F.J.J.M.; Sterck, F.J. (2006) Ecological restoration and church forests in northern Ethiopia. Journal of the Drylands 1 (2006)1. - ISSN 1817-3322 - p. 35 - 44.
- Jansen, P.A.; Bongers, F.J.J.M.; Prins, H.H.T. (2006) Tropical rodents change rapidly germinating seeds into long-term food supplies. Oikos 113 (2006)3. - ISSN 0030-1299 - p. 449 - 458.
- Jeffrey, G.J.; Schnitzer, S.A.; Burnham, R.J.; Bongers, F.J.J.M.; Chave, J.; DeWalt, S.J.; Ewango, C.E.N.; Foster, R.; Kenfack, D.; Martinez-Ramos, M.; Parren, M.P.E.; Parthasarathy, N.; Pérez-Salicrup, D.R.; Putz, F.E.; Thomas, D.W. (2006) A standard protocol for liana censuses. Biotropica 38 (2006)2. - ISSN 0006-3606 - p. 256 - 261.
- Nangendo, G.; Steege, H. ter; Bongers, F.J.J.M. (2006) Composition of woody species in a dynamic forest-woodland-savannah mosaic in Uganda: implications for conservation and management. Biodiversity and Conservation 15 (2006)4. - ISSN 0960-3115 - p. 1467 - 1495.
- Ogbazghi, W; Rijkers, A.J.M.; Wessel, M.; Bongers, F.J.J.M. (2006) The distribution of the frankincense tree Boswellia papyrifera in Eritrea: the role of environment and land use. Journal of Biogeography 33 (2006)3. - ISSN 0305-0270 - p. 524 - 535.Blackwell Publishing Ltd, 2006 - p. 524 - 535.
- Ogbazghi, W; Bongers, F.J.J.M.; Rijkers, A.J.M.; Wessel, M. (2006) Population structure and morphology of the frankincense tree Boswellia papyrifera along an altitude gradient in Eritrea. Journal of the Drylands 1 (2006)1. - ISSN 1817-3322 - p. 85 - 94.
- Peyre, A.; Guidal, A.; Wiersum, K.F.; Bongers, F.J.J.M. (2006) Dynamics of homegarden structure and function in Kerala, India. Agroforestry Systems 66 (2006)2. - ISSN 0167-4366 - p. 101 - 115.
- Peyre, A.; Guidal, A.; Wiersum, K.F.; Bongers, F.J.J.M. (2006) Homegarden Dynamics in Kerala, India. In: Tropical Homegardens: A time-Tested Example of Sustainable Agroforestry / Kumar, B.M., Nair, P.K.R., . - Springer, 2006 (Advances in agroforestry 3) - ISBN 1402049471 - p. 87 - 103.
- Poorter, L.; Bongers, L; Bongers, F.J.J.M. (2006) Architecture of 54 moist forest species: traits, trade-offs, and functional groups. Ecology 87 (2006)5. - ISSN 0012-9658 - p. 1289 - 1301.
- Poorter, L.; Bongers, F.J.J.M. (2006) Leaf traits are good predictors of plant performance across 53 rain forest species. Ecology 87 (2006)7. - ISSN 0012-9658 - p. 1733 - 1743. Review by Reich
- Nangendo, G.; Stein, A.; Steege, H. ter; Bongers, F.J.J.M. (2005) Changes in woody plant composition of three vegetation types exposed to a similar fire regime for over 46 years. Forest Ecology and Management 217 (2005). - ISSN 0378-1127 - p. 351 - 364.
- Cai Zhiquan, --; Rijkers, A.J.M.; Bongers, F.J.J.M. (2005) Photosynthetic acclimation to light changes in tropical monsoon forest woody species differing in adult stature. Tree Physiology 25 (2005)8. - ISSN 0829-318X - p. 1023 - 1031.
- Poorter, L.; Bongers, F.J.J.M.; Sterck, F.J.; Wöll, H-J. (2005) Beyond the regeneration phase: differentiation of height-light trajectories among tropical species. Journal of Ecology 93 (2005). - ISSN 0022-0477 - p. 256 - 267.
- Schnitzer, S.A.; Kuzee, M.E.; Bongers, F.J.J.M. (2005) Disentangling above- and below-ground competition between lianas and trees in a tropical forest. Journal of Ecology 93 (2005). - ISSN 0022-0477 - p. 1115 - 1125.
 | Diversité floristique et végétation dans le Parc National de Taï, Côte d’Ivoire.
Adou Yao, C. Y.; Blom, E. C. ; Dengueadhé, K. T. S. ; Rompaey, R. S. A. R. van; N'Guessan, E. K.; Wittebolle, G.; Bongers, F. (2005)
Tropenbos-Côte d’Ivoire Serie 5,Tropenbos International, Wageningen, the Netherlands
in cooperation with Ecosyn, 92 pp. ISBN 90-5113-000-7, ISSN 1566-6492 |
- Wright, I.J.; Reich, P.B.; Westoby, M.; Ackerly, D.D.; Baruch, Z; Bongers, F.J.J.M.; Cavender-Bares, J.; Chapin, T.; Cornelissen, J.H.C.; Diemer, M.; Flexas, J.; Garnier, E.; Groom, P.K.; Gulias, J.; Hikosaka, K.; Lamont, B.B.; Lee, T.; Lee, W.; Lusk, C.; Midgley, J.J.; Navas, M.-L.; Niinements, Ü; Oleksyn, J.; Osada, N.; Poorter, H.; Poot, P.; Prior, L.; Pyankov, V.I.; Roumet, C.; Thomas, S.C.; Tjoelker, M.G.; Veneklaas, E.J.; Villar, R. (2004) The worldwide leaf economics spectrum. Nature 428 (2004). - ISSN 0028-0836 - p. 821 - 827.
- Jansen, P.A.; Bongers, F.J.J.M.; Hemerik, L. (2004) Seed mass and mast seeding enhance dispersal by a neotropical scatter-hoarding rodent. Ecological Monographs 74 (2004). - ISSN 0012-9615 - p. 569 - 589.
- Schnitzer, S.A.; Parren, M.P.E.; Bongers, F.J.J.M. (2004) Recruitment of lianas into logging gaps and the effects of pre-harvest climber cutting in a lowland forest in Cameroon. Forest Ecology and Management 190 (2004). - ISSN 0378-1127 - p. 87 - 98.
- Kouamé, F.N.; Bongers, F.J.J.M.; Poorter, L.; Traoré, D. (2004) Climbers and logging in the Forêt Classée du Haut Sassandra, Côte d'Ivoire. Forest Ecology and Management 194 (2004). - ISSN 0378-1127 - p. 259 - 268.
- Gemerden, B.S. van; Olff, H.; Parren, M.P.E.; Bongers, F.J.J.M. (2003) The pristine rain forest? Remnants of historical human impacts on current tree species composition and diversity. Journal of Biogeography 30 (2003). - ISSN 0305-0270 - p. 1381 - 1390. See also comment in Nature 2003
- Poorter, L.; Bongers, F.J.J.M.; Sterck, F.J.; Wöll, H. (2003) Architecture of 53 rain forest tree species differing in adult stature and shade tolerance. Ecology 84 (2003). - ISSN 0012-9658 - p. 602 - 608.
- Sterck, F.J.; Bongers, F.J.J.M.; During, H.J.; Martinez-Ramos, M.; Kroon, H. de (2003) Module responses in a tropical forest tree analyzed with a matrix model. Ecology 84 (2003). - ISSN 0012-9658 - p. 2751 - 2761.
- Parren, M.P.E.; Leede, B.M. de; Bongers, F. (2002) A proposal for a transnational forest network area for elephants in Côte d'Ivoire and Ghana. Oryx 36 (2002) 3 - p. 249 - 256.
- Schnitzer, S.A.; Bongers, F. (2002) The ecology of lianas and their role in forests. Trends in Ecology and Evolution 17 (2002) 5. - ISSN 0169-5347 - p. 223 - 230.